Between 1999 and 2010 over one hundred replica and reconstructed ancient Egyptian tools were transported to Egypt, being rigorously further tested, and analysed, under local conditions at sites relevant to the tools' ancient uses. For example, the surfaces of some blocks in the Great Pyramid at Giza, and the top surface of the Unfinished Obelisk at Aswan, were tested for accuracy with calibrated replica tools: other experiments at Luxor investigated the fitting of stone column segments in Karnak Temple, using experimentally manufactured stone segments. I wish sincerely to thank the Egyptian Supreme Council for Antiquities (SCA) for their numerous kind permissions, under local Inspectors' supervision, to carry out experiments and critical measurements at various sites in Egypt. In addition to evaluating these tools' performances in Egypt, and their connected processes, together with some suggested interrelationships with other tools, or with groups of tools, in order to focus upon ancient Egyptian social evolution, I have endeavoured to present the introduction of invented ancient tools and processes in a chronological manner, according to the available evidence. Similarly, my submitted twenty-two published works are chronologically arranged at the end of the overall summary, in order to illustrate the continuous development of the research project.

Significantly, initial investigations with a number of ancient Egyptian tools and processes appeared to show that they were linked to other tools and processes. Consequently, the experiments sometimes revealed difficulties in satisfactorily investigating one tool in isolation, it invariably possessing a probable interrelationship with another tool, or group of tools, all used to create a single artefact.

The thesis is accompanied by a DVD entitled, Online Egyptology: a day with Denys Stocks. The tools and the technology of Ancient Egypt. Filming took place in the Manchester Museum on 11 March 2013: Kate Hilton edited it into seven parts, the sound being provided by Jamie Weston. Dr. Joyce Tyldesley, Senior Fellow, Higher Education Academy, University of Manchester and Dr. Campbell Price, Curator of Egypt and the Sudan, Manchester Museum, University of Manchester supported and assisted me with the film's presentation: extracts from the film form part of the University of Manchester's Distance Learning Courses in Egyptology. I very much thank Drs. Tyldesley and Price for their kind permission to use this film in support of my thesis.