Module 16. Piston Engine

16.1 Fundamentals

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;
Operating principles — 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;
Piston displacement and compression ratio;
Engine configuration and firing order.

16.2 Engine Performance

Power calculation and measurement;
Factors affecting engine power;
Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

16.3 Engine Construction

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;
Accessory gearbox;
Cylinder and piston assemblies;
Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;
Valve mechanisms;
Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4 Engine Fuel Systems
16.4.1 Carburettors 

Types, construction and principles of operation;
Icing and heating.

16.4.2 Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation.

16.4.3 Electronic engine control

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);
Systems lay-out and components

16.5 Starting and Ignition Systems 

Starting systems, pre-heat systems;
Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;
Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;
Low and high tension systems.

16.6 Induction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems

Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;
Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid

16.7 Supercharging/Turbocharging

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters;
Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;
System terminology;
Control systems;
System protection.

16.8 Lubricants and Fuels

Properties and specifications;
Fuel additives;
Safety precautions.

16.9 Lubrication Systems

System operation/lay-out and components

16.10 Engine Indication Systems

Engine speed;
Cylinder head temperature;
Coolant temperature;
Oil pressure and temperature;
Exhaust Gas Temperature;
Fuel pressure and flow;
Manifold pressure.

16.11 Powerplant Installation

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration
mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods,
lifting points and drains.

16.12 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;
Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;
Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.

16.13 Engine Storage and Preservation

Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems.