Amurru(m), Mar.tu en sumérien, est une divinité incarnant le peuple amorrite dans le panthéon du Proche-Orient ancien. Elle n'était cependant pas l'une des divinités les plus vénérées des Amorrites, qui lui préféraient Addu, Dagan, ou bien les divinités traditionnelles de Mésopotamie.
En Basse Mésopotamie, il est le personnage principal du mythe du Mariage de Martu, dans lequel il représente le peuple des nomades amorrites qui se mêle aux sédentaires du pays de Sumer et d'Akkad.
(Source: Wikipédia ; sous Licence CC BY-SA 3.0)
- Texte Anglais
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The marriage of Martu
1-8. When the city of Inab already existed, but the city of Kiritab did not yet exist, when the holy crown already existed, but the holy tiara did not yet exist, when the holy herb already existed, but the holy cedar did not yet exist, when holy salt already existed, but holy alkali did not yet exist, when intercourse and kissing already existed, when giving birth in the fields already existed -- I was the grandfather of the holy cedar, I was the ancestor of the mec tree, I was the mother and father of the white cedar, I was the relative of the hacur cedar.
9-15. At that time there was a princely land among the cities; Inab was this princely land among the cities. The ruler of Inab was Tigi-cem-ala. Now, he had a wife whose name was Cage-gur (Desired-by-the-heart), and a child, who ......, and her name was .......
16-25. The people living around the city hung up nets, the people living around Inab hung up nets, hung up nets, chased gazelles and killed the gazelles as one kills humans. One day, as the evening came, and they had reached the place of rations, they established the rations before the god ......The correct form of this name is not known. The ration of a married man was established as double, the ration of a man with a child was established as triple; the ration of a single man was established as single; but the ration of Martu, though being single, was also established as double.
26-33. Martu went home to his own mother, and spoke to her: "In my city I am among my friends and they all have already married wives; I am there among my mates, and they all have already married wives. Unlike my friends in my city I am single, I am single and I have no children. Yet the imposed share exceeds that of my friends; over and above that of my mates, I received half of theirs."
34-40. One day, as the evening came, and they had reached again the place of rations, they established the rations before the god ......The correct form of this name is not known. The ration of a married man was established as double, the ration of a man with a child was established as triple; the ration of a single man was established as single; but the ration of Martu, though he was single, was also established as double.
41-52. Martu went home to his own mother, and spoke to her: "My mother, find me a wife to marry and I will bring you my ration." His own mother replied to Martu: "Su-henuna, my son, I will give you advice; may my advice be heeded. I shall say a word to you; you should pay attention to it. Marry a wife of your choice, marry a wife of your heart's desire, give me thus a companion, ...... me a slave-girl. Having built the houses of (?) your people living around the city, and ...... gardens, you will dig the wells of (?) your mates. Martu, ...... mates ......"
53-66. At that time a festival was announced in the city; a festival was announced in the city of Inab. (Martu said:) "Come, friends, let us go, let us go there, let us visit the ale-houses of Inab, let us go there." The god Numucda participated in the festival; his beloved daughter Adjar-kidug participated in the festival, his wife Namrat, the lovely woman participated in the festival. In the city, bronze cem drums were rumbling, and the seven ala drums resounded as strong men, girdled champions, entered the wrestling house to compete with each other for Numucdain the temple of Inab. There were many coming to Inab, the city where the festival was taking place, to marvel at this. There were many coming to Inab, the city where the festival was taking place, to marvel at this.
67-75. For Numucda, because he was holy (?), Martu too strode around the great courtyard to compete in wrestling at the gate of Inab. They kept looking for strong fighters for him, they kept offering him strong fighters. Martu strode around in the great courtyard. He hit them with a destructive ...... one by one. In the great courtyard, in the battle he caused them to be bandaged; in the great courtyard of Inab he lifted the bodies of the dead.
76-83. Rejoicing over Martu, Numucda offered him silver, but he would not accept it. He offered jewels, but he would not accept them. Having done so a second time, having done so a third time (Martu says): "Where does your silver lead? Where do your jewels lead? I, Martu, would rather marry your daughter, I would rather marry your daughter Adjar-kidug."
8 lines missing91-97. (Numucda says:) "You ...... the wife with calves as a marriage gift. Milk cows shall feed the calves. In the byre the breeding bull shall lie down. ...... cows shall live in the ...... and the calves shall stay at their right side. You must give your word thus and only thus, and then I will give you my daughter Adjar-kidug."
98-104. "You ...... the wife with lambs as a marriage gift. Milk ewes shall feed the lambs. In the sheepfold ...... shall lie down. ...... ewes shall live in the ...... and the lambs shall stay at their left side. You must give your word thus and only thus, and then I will give you my daughter Adjar-kidug."
105-111. "You ...... the wife with kids as a marriage gift. Milk goats shall feed the kids. In the stall the breeding goat shall lie down. The goats and kids shall live in the ...... and the kids shall stay ....... You must give your word thus and only thus, and then I will give you my daughter Adjar-kidug."
112-114. He ...... great ....... He shouted like ....... At the quay of Inab he .......
115-125. He gratified the elders of Inab with golden torcs. He gratified the old women of Inabwith golden shawl ....... He gratified the men and women of Inab with golden ....... He gratified the slaves of Inab with ...... and gratified them also with coloured ...... cloths. He gratified the slave-girls of Inab with silver jugs.
126-141. The days have multiplied, no decision has yet been made. (Adjar-kidug's girlfriend speaks to her:) "Now listen, their hands are destructive and their features are those of monkeys; he is one who eats what Nanna forbids and does not show reverence. They never stop roaming about ......, they are an abomination to the gods' dwellings. Their ideas are confused; they cause only disturbance. He is clothed in sack-leather ......, lives in a tent, exposed to wind and rain, and cannot properly recite prayers. He lives in the mountains and ignores the places of gods, digs up truffles in the foothills, does not know how to bend the knee, and eats raw flesh. He has no house during his life, and when he dies he will not be carried to a burial-place. My girlfriend, why would you marry Martu?"Adjar-kidug replies to her girlfriend: "I will marry Martu!"
142. Inab -- ulum, alam!
Copyright © Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., and Zólyomi, G., The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford 1998
- Texte Français
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A venir. (Traducteur recherché... :) )
- Texte Sumérien
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The marriage of Martu
1. i3-na-abki i3-me-a kiri8-tab nu-me-/a\ (Cited in OB catalogue from Urim (U1), 0.2.03, line 3; OB catalogue from Nibru (N3), 0.2.06, line 29 (?))
2. men kug i3-me-a aga kug nu-me-[a]
3. cim kug i3-me-a jicerin kug nu-me-[a]
4. mun kug i3-me-a /naja\ kug nu-/me\-[a]
5. jic dug4-dug4-/ga\ [ ne su-ub-ba ] i3-me-a
6. cag4-tum2-cag4-tum2-ma /tud\-[da] i3-me-a
7. <ad>-da-ab-ba jicerin kug-ga-me-en bil2-ga /jic\mec3-/me-en\
8. ama ad jicerin babbar-ra-me-en su ha-cu-ur2-ra-me-en
9. ud-ba iri-iri-a kur nam-nun-na-kam
10. i3-na-abki iri-iri-a kur nam-nun-na-kam
11. ensi2 i3-na-abki-a tigi-cem5-kuca2-la2-a
12. dam-a-ni /cag4-ge-guru7\ /mu\-ni he2-en-na-nam
13. /dumu\-[ni] [...]-da-gur-ra-am3
14. /AN\ [...]-/na\-ka mu-ni he2-en-na-nam
15. iri-da-/e-ne\ gu /na\-la2-e-ne
16. i3-na-abki /iri-da-e\-ne /gu\ [na]-la2-e-ne
17. gu na-la2-/e-ne mac\ mu-un-sar-sar-ne
18. mac-e lu2-ulu3-gin7 [jic mu-un]-ra-ra-ne
19. ud ne ud ten-na /um\-[ma-te]-/a\-ra
20. ki nij2-ba-ka um-/ma\-[te]-a-ra
21. igi dEC2.LIL.DU nij2-ba /na-ni-ja2\-ja2
22. nij2-ba lu2 dam tuku 2-am3 i3-ja2-ja2
23. nij2-ba lu2 dumu tuku 3-am3 i3-ja2-ja2
24. nij2-<ba> juruc saj-dili 1-am3 i3-ja2-ja2
25. dmar-tu dili-ni 2-am3 i3-ja2-ja2
26. dmar-tu ama ugu-ni-ir
27. e2-a ba-an-ci-kur9 gu3 mu-na-de2-e
28. iri-ja2 gu5-li-ju10-ne-me-en dam ba-an-tuku-tuku-me-ec
29. /dub3-sa-ju10-ne-me-en\ dam ba-an-tuku-tuku-me-ec
30. iri-ja2 gu5-li-/ju10-ne-gin7\ dam nu-tuku-me-en
31. dam nu-tuku-me-en dumu nu-tuku-me-en
32. jic-cub us2-sa dirig gu5-li-ja2-ce3
33. MAC dub3-[sa] /bi2\-dab5 dirig dub3-sa-ja2-ce3
34. ud ne ud te-en-na um-ma-/te-a-ra\
35. /ki nij2\-ba-ka um-ma-/te\-[a-ra]
36. [igi] [d]/EC2\.LIL.DU nij2-ba na-/ni\-[ja2-ja2]
37. [nij2-ba] lu2 dam tuku 2-am3 i3-/ja2\-[ja2]
38. [nij2]-/ba\ [lu2 dumu tuku 3-am3 i3-ja2-ja2]
39. /nij2\-<ba> juruc saj-dili [1-am3 i3-ja2]-/ja2\
40. /dmar\-tu dili-ni 2-[am3 i3-ja2]-/ja2\
41. [dmar]-tu ama /ugu\-ni-ir
42. /e2-a ba-an\-ci-kur9 gu3 mu-na-de2-e
43. ama-ju10 dam tuku-ba-ab nij2-ba-ju10 /ga-mu\-ra-de6
44. dmar-tu ama /ugu\-ni [mu]-na-ni-/ib\-[gi4-gi4]
45. dsu-he-/nun\-[na-ju10] [na] /ga\-e-/de5\ na /de5\-[ju10 he2-dab5]
46. inim ga-[ra-ab-dug4 inim-ju10-ce3 jectug2-zu]
47. igi il2-la-zu dam [tuku-ba-ni-ib]
48. cag4-ge guru7-zu dam [tuku-ba-ni-ib]
49. cu-tab ze2-ja2 gi4-in [...]
50. iri-da-za e2-bi du3-du3-a /jic\[kiri6 ...]
51. dub3-sa-za pu2 ba-e-ni-/ba\-[al]
52. dmar-tu lu2 /dub3-sa\-[...]
53. ud-ba iri-a iri-a ezen /gu3\ [bi2-ib-ra]
54. i3-na-abki iri-a ezen /gu3\ [bi2-ib-ra]
55. ja2-nam-ma gu5-li ga-[re7-en-de3-en] ga-ba-e-re7-en-/de3\-[en]
56. e2 kac i3-na-abki-a ga-/re7\-[en-de3-en] ga-ba-e-re7-en-de3-[en]
57. dnu-muc-da-[X] ezem-ma mu-[...]
58. dumu ki aj2-ja2-ni dad-[jar-ki-dug3] ezem-ma mu-/un\-[...]
59. dam-a-ni dnam-ra-at munus /sag9\-[ga] ezem-ma mu-un-[...]
60. iri-a cem5 zabar zi-ig-za-ag [...-za]
61. kuca2-la2 /7\-e ceg11 mu-da-an-[gi4]
62. nitah [X]-ne en ib2-la2-[ne]
63. e2-jecpu2-ce3 mu-na-da-an-kur9-kur9
64. e2 i3-na-abki-a-ka hu-mu-na-/ab\-sa2-e
65. i3-na-abki iri ezen jal2-la-ce3 u6 di-de3 ba-gub
66. i3-na-abki iri ezen jal2-la-ce3 u6 di-de3 ba-gub
67. e-ne-ra bar kug-ga i3-me-a-ke4-ec
68. /kan4\ i3-na-abki-ka jecpu2 lirum-e
69. [d]/mar\-tu kisal mah-a dub3 i-ni-in-/bad\
70. [ur-saj] /kalag\-ga mu-na-ab-kij2-kij2-e
71. [ur-saj] /kalag\-ga mu-na-ab-zi-zi-i
72. [d]/mar\-tu kisal mah dub3 i-ni-bad
73. [X] gul-gul-e 1(AC)-ta bi2-ra
74. /kisal mah\ me3-e nij2-la2-e /bi2-in\-la2
75. kisal i3-na-abki ad6 im-il2-[il2]-/e\
76. d/nu\-[muc]-/da\ dmar-tu hul2-la-/e\
77. kug /mu\-[un]-na-ba-e cu nu-um-ma-gid2-i-de3
78. /za\ [mu-un]-/na\-ba-e cu nu-um-ma-gid2-i-de3
79. [2-kam ur5]-/am3\ um-ak-e
80. [3-kam ur5-am3] um-ak-e
81. [kug-zu me-da tum3] za-zu me-da tum3
82. [dmar-tu-me]-en dumu-zu ga-ba-/ab\-tuku
83. [... dumu-zu] /ga\-ba-/ab\-[tuku]8 lines missing
91. [amar nij2-mussa dam mu-ni-...]
92. [ab2-ga amar he2-em-mi-ib-gu7]
93. [tur3-ba gud-ab2-ba]-/bi\ [hu-mu-un-ci-nu2-e]
94. [ab2 X X]-/ba\-ka /he2\-[em-mi-tuc]
95. [amar-bi a2] zid-da-bi he2-[em-mi-tuc]
96. [ur5-re ur5-ur5]-re inim ha-ba-[ni-jar-re-en]
97. [dad-jar-ki]-/dug3\ /KA\ dumu-ju10 /ga\-[mu-ra-ab-cum2]
98. /sila4\ [nij2-mussa] /dam\ [mu]-ni-[...]
99. /u8\-[ga sila4 he2-em-mi-ib-gu7]
100. /amac\-[ba ... hu-mu-un-ci-nu2-e]
101. u8 [... he2-em-mi-tuc]
102. sila4-bi gab2-bu-bi he2-[em-mi-tuc]
103. ur5-re ur5-ur5-re inim ha-ba-[ni-jar-re-en]
104. dad-jar-ki-dug3 KA dumu-ju10 ga-[mu-ra-ab-cum2]
105. /mac2 nij2\-mussa dam mu-ni-[...]
106. /ud5-ga\ mac2 he2-/em\-mi-[ib-gu7]
107. unu-ba mac2-ud5-/da-bi\ hu-mu-un-ci-nu2-e
108. ud5-de3 /mac2\-[bi ...] he2-em-mi-tuc
109. mac2-bi [...] he2-em-mi-tuc
110. ur5-re ur5-[ur5-re inim ha-ba]-/ni\-jar-[re-en]
111. [dad]-/jar\-ki-dug3 dumu-ju10 ga-mu-ra-[ab-cum2]
112. [...] gal-gal-e ba-ni-/in\-[X]
113. X [X] X-e-gin7 gu3 bi2-in-/ra\
114. kar /i3-na\-abki-ka mu-ni-in-[X]
115. ab-ba-ab-ba-ar i3-na-ab/ki\-[a]
116. jicrab3 kug-sig17-ka mi2 im-ma-ni-in-[dug4]
117. /um-ma\-um-ma-ar i3-na-abki-[a]
118. [... tug2]bar-sig9 kug-sig17-ga /mi2\ [im-ma-ni-in-dug4]
119. [juruc munus] X i3-na-[abki]-/ke4\-ne
120. [...] X X X [kug]-/sig17\-ka mi2 im-/ma-ni\-in-dug4
121. [arad2-arad2] X i3-na-ab[ki]-/ke4-ne\
122. [X X] A mi2 im-ma-[ni-in]-/dug4\
123. tug2[X] gun3-a mi2 im-ma-[ni-in-dug4]
124. geme2-/geme2\ i3-na-ab[ki-ke4-ne]
125. dugKIJ2.JIC kug-babbar mi2 im-ma-ni-[in-dug4]
126. ud ba-hi-a di nu-til-le-[dam]
127. a2-ce cu-bi ha-lam ulutim2 /ugu\)[ugu4]-[bi]
128. an-zil gu7 dnanna-[kam] ni2 nu-[tuku]
129. cu dag-dag-ge-bi X [...]
130. [nij2]-/gig\ e2 dijir-re-e-ne-[kam]
131. [jalga]-/bi\ mu-un-lu3-lu3 cu [suh3-a dug4-ga]
132. /lu2 kuc\lu-ub2 mur10-a [...]
133. /za-lam\-jar til3 tum9 cej14 [...] sizkur [nu-mu-un-dug4-ga]
134. hur-saj-ja2 tuc-e ki [dijir-re-ne nu-zu-a]
135. lu2 /uzu\-dirig kur-da mu-un-ba-al-la dub3 gam nu-zu-am3
136. uzu nu-cej6-ja2 al-gu7-e
137. ud til3-la-na e2 nu-tuku-a
138. ud ba-ug7-a-na ki nu-tum2-mu-dam
139. ma-la-ju10 dmar-tu ta-am3 an-tuku-tuku-un
140. ma-la-ga-ni dad-jar-ki-dug3 mu-na-ni-ib-gi4-gi4
141. dmar-[tu] /ga\-ba-an-tuku-tuku
142. i3-na-ab[ki] u2-lum a-lam-maPrint sources
Bottéro and Kramer 1989, p. 430-437: translation, commentary
Klein 1990, p. 59-60: translation, composite text, commentary (ll. 76-78 , 81-82)
Klein 1993: commentary
Klein 1996: composite text, translation, commentary
Klein 1997d: composite text, translation, commentary
Kramer 1990: translation, commentary, composite text
Römer 1989: composite text, translation, commentary
Römer 1993a, p. 495-506: translation, commentary
Vanstiphout 1998: composite text, translation, commentary
Wilcke 1969a, p. 72-73: translation, composite text, commentary (ll. 19-33, 55)Electronic sources
Vanstiphout 1998e: composite text, translationCuneiform sources
CBS 14061; provenance: Nippur; lines in composite: 142
CBS 14061 (SEM 58)Copyright © Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., and Zólyomi, G., The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford 1998